[Feature] Support Vortex file format

[zhouyc-ali]

Search before asking

• I searched in the issues and found nothing similar.

Motivation

Apache Paimon Java supports Vortex through the paimon-vortex module, a Rust-based columnar file format with extensible compression encodings and lazily loaded summary statistics. Paimon C++ cannot currently access tables using this format.

Solution

Add Vortex support to the Paimon C++ file-format SPI:

• Register the vortex file-format factory.
• Implement compatible schema, reader, and writer handling.
• Support column projection, predicate pushdown, and precise row selection.
• Validate the same supported and unsupported logical types as Java.
• Add C++ round-trip tests and Java-produced file compatibility tests.

Anything else?

Vortex is implemented in Rust, so the integration can follow the Mosaic Rust FFI patterns (#238).
Java reference module: https://github.com/apache/paimon/tree/master/paimon-vortex

Are you willing to submit a PR?

• I'm willing to submit a PR!