From c10548dd8f4830e75bf44a000defa577a006734c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Abashev <alexey@abashev.ru>
Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 10:44:48 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] Shut down the command line's thread pool when formatting is
 done

Main.formatFiles created a fixed thread pool on every call and never
shut it down. The command line does not notice, because the process
exits, but a tool that runs Main in-process kept up to MAX_THREADS idle
threads per call (#40, from google/google-java-format#384).

The pool is now closed when formatFiles returns. On Java 21
ExecutorService is AutoCloseable, and close() waits for the submitted
tasks, which formatFiles has already waited for by then. The new
MainTest runs format from a thread of its own thread group, which the
pool's threads join, and fails without the change because a pool
thread is still running.
---
 .../com/palantir/javaformat/java/Main.java    | 11 ++++++--
 .../palantir/javaformat/java/MainTest.java    | 25 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/Main.java b/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/Main.java
index a05188668..a3b53566f 100644
--- a/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/Main.java
+++ b/open-java-format/src/main/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/Main.java
@@ -120,11 +120,18 @@ public int format(String... args) throws UsageException {
         }
     }
 
-    @SuppressWarnings("for-rollout:RedundantControlFlow")
     private int formatFiles(CommandLineOptions parameters, JavaFormatterOptions options) {
         int numThreads = Math.min(MAX_THREADS, parameters.files().size());
-        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(numThreads);
+        // Closing the pool ends its threads, so that a tool that runs Main in-process does not keep them. The close
+        // waits for the submitted tasks, which formatFiles has already waited for.
+        try (ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(numThreads)) {
+            return formatFiles(parameters, options, executorService);
+        }
+    }
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("for-rollout:RedundantControlFlow")
+    private int formatFiles(
+            CommandLineOptions parameters, JavaFormatterOptions options, ExecutorService executorService) {
         Map<Path, String> inputs = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         Map<Path, Future<String>> results = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         boolean allOk = true;
diff --git a/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/MainTest.java b/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/MainTest.java
index d9f12853b..a87238af0 100644
--- a/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/MainTest.java
+++ b/open-java-format/src/test/java/com/palantir/javaformat/java/MainTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission;
 import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.parallel.Execution;
@@ -91,6 +93,29 @@ public void version() throws UsageException {
         assertThat(err.toString()).contains("open-java-format: Version ");
     }
 
+    // Main used to leave its thread pool running after format returned. The command line does not notice, because it
+    // exits, but anything that runs Main in-process kept the idle threads (#40, from google/google-java-format#384).
+    @Test
+    public void formatLeavesNoPoolThreadRunning() throws Exception {
+        Path path = Files.writeString(testFolder.resolve("A.java"), "class A {}\n");
+        Main main = new Main(
+                new PrintWriter(new StringWriter(), true), new PrintWriter(new StringWriter(), true), System.in);
+        // The pool's threads join the thread group of the thread that creates the pool.
+        ThreadGroup group = new ThreadGroup("formatLeavesNoPoolThreadRunning");
+        FutureTask<Integer> format = new FutureTask<>(() -> main.format(path.toString()));
+        new Thread(group, format).start();
+        assertThat(format.get()).isEqualTo(0);
+
+        Thread[] threads = new Thread[group.activeCount() + 16];
+        int count = group.enumerate(threads);
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            threads[i].join(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10));
+            assertWithMessage(threads[i].getName() + " is still running")
+                    .that(threads[i].isAlive())
+                    .isFalse();
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void preserveOriginalFile() throws Exception {
         Path path = Files.createFile(testFolder.resolve("Test.java"));